Urban communities are exposed to various natural hazards. Promoting resilience has been introduced as the most reliable way to deal with these threats. The main goal of this research is to help the resilient Planning of cities for the future and to explain the resilient Spatial Planning model against earthquakes. This goal is achieved by understanding the mutual relationship between Spatial Planning and urban resilience against earthquakes. Therefore, first, with the help of document study, a new framework entitled as SRPF was introduced, then, with the help of qualitative meta-analysis method, 71 documents related to physical resilience against earthquakes were reviewed and after introducing the most important components and criteria, the ranking of them was done by the assistance of fuzzy AHP method. Based on this, a framework was introduced that urban planners and managers can easily access the most important components and criteria for making cities resilient for the future by referring to it. In general, the results of the research show that there is a significant similarity between the components of Spatial Planning in dealing with disasters (roads, open spaces, physical infrastructure and critical infrastructure) and the physical resilience criteria of cities against earthquakes (physical resistance, road network, service status and infrastructure facilities, as well as the status of open space). Also, the most important factors that should be taken into consideration in providing a resilient Spatial Planning model for the future of cities against earthquakes include preparation, changeability, strength, adaptability, flexibility, and self-organization. Finally, the criteria and sub-criteria obtained from the meta-analysis method are verified with the help of the five main arms of SRPF and the validity of the proposed framework is confirmed.

ntroduction Attracting the participation of elites to the Planning discourse is one of the topics that can lead to specialized contemplation to provide a participatory model and to explain a suitable climate model for the country. In this regard, basic Spatial Planning against conventional Spatial Planning is among the frameworks and concepts that always require discursive analysis to evolve into a final model. The purpose of this paper is to propose a discussion through the context of discursive thinking and analysis about the distinctions, differences and similarities of basic Planning versus conventional Planning. It seems that the discursive analysis, in addition to explaining the different dimensions of basic Planning can be more useful. Main concepts of conventional Spatial Planning and basic Spatial Planning The earliest concept of Spatial Planning is related to the classical triangle, whose outline is formed from environment, human and activity. In the classical approach, the most important issue that is considered is the structure or organization of space that depicts how to structure the elements of space in relation to the land area. The second view that can be proposed after the first is the concept of Spatial sustainability. In this view, the main goal is to create a balance in the geographic space that provides sustainability, i.e. exploitation or lack of coordination in the relations of habitat, human and activity do not cause the balance in the geographic space. The third view refers to Spatial Planning, whose main purpose is to create a balance in geographic space, so that balanced development can be formed in the place of geographic space, and that it is not part of development and part of underdevelopment. In contrast, basic Spatial  Planning is not only based on the same  framework of land use, but also covers national values in the macro approach. The Islamic and Iranian spirit is of particular interest in basic Spatial Planning. Formation of land justice is one of the important issues that has a fundamental value in basic Spatial Planning and its overall goal is to distribute the Spatial justice facilities in the country that can create Spatial equilibrium in the land area. Considering the characteristics of the land has a special role in presenting the Planning policies in different scales in basic Spatial Planning. Differences between conventional versus basic Spatial Planning The most important distinction between conventional and basic Spatial Planning is that this model has been changed in terms of capabilities and facilities, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. Therefore, the most important distinction of this pattern is in importing the values of the Islamic ruler on the one hand and the territorial characteristics on the other hand. Thus, the same aspect of differentiation that is considered for the model of progress against the development model is also significant in the model of basic Spatial Planning against conventional Spatial Planning. Considering this issue, it is necessary to study Islamic ideas derived from Islamic teachings to extract the viewpoints in land use of human being, activity and space and based on them the basic Spatial Planning takes practical form. Considering that the views in the Islamic values are very different, using different views in the form of discursive analysis will be very effective that while examining and critiquing different viewpoints, we can achieve the best viewpoint in this regard and consider it in the final model. Spatial Planning is an empirical knowledge and a function of the geographical and cultural system of nations, and land as a Spatial container is formed based on the value differences of societies and finally Spatial identity is one of the most important dimensions of basic Spatial Planning that is not considered in conventional Spatial Planning as it should be. In general, the differences between conventional and basic Planning can be considered in the following cases: considering human and society in conventional land and basic Spatial Planning has a great difference. It seems that basic human with Islamic viewpoint seeks to create a monotheistic society based on equality, and for this reason, such a human being in regulating his relationship with the environment will observe various aspects to provide the appropriate and optimal utilization of the facilities at his disposal, the grounds for human evolution and promotion of moral practice. Discursive analysis can also be very useful in this regard, because by examining the concepts extracted from Islamic values and terrestrial features, different conditions can be assessed, and their differences extracted and if necessary, provide conditions that can be presented the best model through consensus. Similarities between conventional versus basic Spatial Planning It can be said that in 80% of the cases, these two Planning have a methodological and conceptual commonality. This subscription can be proposed in a variety of cases, including: the type of data required by environmental, economic, social and etc., method of collecting required data, data integration method, developing strategies, monitoring methods. Conclusions Basic Spatial Planning is a new concept that has been proposed and consequently has raised a lot of questions for the scientific community, practitioners and even the general public, which requires settlements. Discursive analysis is an appropriate tool for this subject that can help to clarify the different aspects of the subject. Preparing the context of this discourse is possible in different ways; publishing the basic concepts of fundamental Planning in mass media and various social networks is one of the primary solutions in this regard. Holding various specialized conferences and meetings in academic spaces where all thinkers can present their views is also important in this regard.

Introduction: Cities have become central to ensuring a sustainable future. Many Cities employ strategic Spatial Planning, a transformative and integrative public-sector-led activity, to create a coherent Spatial development strategy in order to pursue sustainable development. Due to its encompassing, cross-sectoral qualities, urban Planning science is expected to strengthen nature-related aspects of urban Planning. This article is focused around a discussion of the nature of strategic Spatial Planning, as exemplified in the Planning literature, and as an example, from Ardakan Municipality. Method: This paper aims to develop a strategic plan for the Ardakan city and operational plan of the Ardakan Municipality of Fars province. The method of explaining the subject is descriptive-analytic and strategic Planning. The analytical unit of Ardakan in Fars province, the statistical population of the study is urban civil engineering experts on the one hand (as a think tank workshop), and citizens of Ardakan city on the other hand. A total of 19 experts were selected by the targeted sampling method and 150 citizens were randomly selected and separate questionnaires were distributed among them. In different stages of strategic Planning to operational Planning (landscape development and project extraction), comparative analysis methods (analysis and comparison of the city per capita with neighboring cities (, Oregon vision, the formation of panels for extracting strategies and goals, SWOT analysis has been used. Conclusion: The citychr('39')s strategic plan includes the development of a 20-years vision based on those four five-year plans. The prospect of goals and the target of the wisdom are tailored to the outlook. Extracting strategies are in six areasof social and cultural, economic, environmental, urban and institutional, physical, Spatial and tourism. The operational plan for the years 1402-1398 includes 44 plans corresponding to 10 projects with the proposed amount of 168, 800, 000, 000 Rails.

Introduction and Objective: Undoubtedly optimal management of space in terms of regulating the relationship among human being, space and human activities in the space is the main objective of Spatial Planning. Materialization of Spatial Planning more than having a technical plan depends on a management plan based on the economic and Spatial balances which allows it to realize equity in space and social equity. Nowadays, intense concentration of population and activities in one or more geographical spots features most Third World countries including Iran. Underestimating long-term plans and relying on development-based and sometimes superficial plans are among main obstacles of realization of balanced development of Iran. This study aims at analyzing different dimensions of the Spatial management necessary for preparing process of Spatial Planning program. To do so, we concentrated our study on Malekan Township where let us to indicate the operationalization of the issue at the level of a township or region. It also became a basis for other studies in provincial or regional scales.Methodology: As an applied research, a documentary-analytical method was used in this study. Besides maps SPSS, Auto Cad and Arc View programs were used for analyzing data, variables, preparing tables and doing calculations.Results: Our findings showed that the main component of the realistic analyses of Spatial Planning must be sought in the geographical structures. In fact our country’s Spatial Planning appearance particularly in the regional levels is initially a function of the natural components and secondly a function of allocation and decision making system. Natural elements are the first priority for Spatial establishment of settlements in the studied area and regarding the allocation system services and applications are not divided similarly among different villages of the township.Conclusion: Providing a pervasive analysis of the relation between settlement system and activity with the environmental condition through designing and developing a databank consisting of geographical foundations is necessary for extracting Spatial development documents. Again, analysis of weak points of allocation system will play a key role in realizing equity in space and solving socioeconomic inequalities.

Spatial Planning is a major governmental program defined by the distribution of population and activities within a territory. This research examines it from the perspective of ensuring the right to equal opportunity. It is argued that Spatial justice fundamentally requires Spatial Planning to be defined using the principle of equal opportunity and the function of guaranteeing this right. Given that Afghanistan faces key Spatial inequalities in both soft and hard infrastructure and that procedural rights concerning the equal distribution of population and activities across the territory have been violated, the government is obligated to ensure equal access to infrastructure through Spatial Planning. Additionally, to achieve Spatial justice based on equal opportunity, positive actions must be taken. Since there are positive commitments associated with procedural and substantive rights, the government must design, approve, and implement these actions with neutrality and independence to ensure national unity, balanced development, human dignity, and loyalty to governance. Essentially, the function of Spatial Planning based on equal opportunity is aimed at guaranteeing the right to equal opportunity, highlighting the necessity and importance of this research. Furthermore, this study employs deductive and inductive approaches, predominantly using qualitative data analysis methods. The research aims to analyze and evaluate how Spatial Planning influences the assurance of equal opportunity through specific and positive actions within its framework.

This article is investigating the town and country Planning in Austria. Although according to new definitions Spatial Planning in Austria has been started during fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, the issue has been set seriously on the L?nder’s agenda of Planning as the main authorities since establishing Austrian Conference On Regional Planning (?rok) in 1971.The programs implement at three levels (federal, land and local) in a complex system of power distribution .Federal administration(Bund) is responsible for higher education, water management, railway transportation, highways and federal roads, mines, forestry and finance. The L?nder take responsibility for building laws and zoning, nature protecting, fishing and hunting, agriculture and tax issues. The information is gathered in the regional level and there is coordination among the Bund and adjacent regions in preparing the regional plans and programs. The L?nder provide the required recommendations for monitoring the municipalities and urban plans. The communities are the only level which the Spatial Planning is implemented in the whole area. This level includes 2342 municipalities (sometimes too small) except Vienna and 14 self-ruled cities. At this level the local plans are being proposed that are legally mandatory and they are required to anticipate the development principles, instrument and land use classification. The plans should be under surveillance and monitoring of the regional authorities. Accessing the European Union, Spatial Planning has entered a new era dealing with new political, economic and social circumstances and in accordance with interregional Planning and new scopes in Europe Since 1995.

This paper discusses the necessity of Spatial metropolitan Planning to address the problems of fragmented policy-making. The analysis of sectoral urban policy-making has resulted in attempts towards integration and transformation of Planning approach from “ land-use” to ‘ ” Spatial” Planning. An integrated, Spatial Planning suitable to resolve complicated, inter-sectoral issues focuses on affecting urban areas, and resolving complex and interrelated socio-economic and environmental problems. Despite the recognition of cities as self-governing entities in Iran, decisions are made by a divided public sector representing competing interests. Various attempts, implicit or explicit, to initiate an integrated and Spatial metropolitan Planning system have factually failed to change Planning and management approaches in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of why, despite the opportunities traceable in legal frameworks for establishing a more integrated and comprehensive policy-making and Planning system and mechanism capable of coordinating sectoral policies at the metropolitan level, has failed to replace sectoral attitudes. Using qualitative content analysis to the official document prepared for Tehran, a series of conflicting issues are exposed. These are, those between policy-making and Planning by the elected as against appointed authorities, those between the acceptance of the status of urban as against national management and Planning, those between “ research” and “ policymaking” on promoting integration amongst policies, those between “ procedural” versus “ substantive” aspects” of Planning, and those that relate to different concepts of integrated Spatial Planning. These are the most important obstacles in the way of exploiting potential legal opportunities for Spatial Planning in Tehran.

Objectives: The advent of modern knowledge cities is the consequence of formation of knowledge-centered society and knowledge-based economy. The appearance of these centers, on the one hand, results from convergence of theories of knowledge-based development, knowledge management and urban studies. On the other hand, knowledge city is the result of the reconciliation between economic welfare and social values,a place where intellectual capital, social capital, human capital, as well as financial and physical capitals are strongly connected and influence each other,an efficient place in attracting, retaining and growing brains. The formation of knowledge cities is mainly started from components with geographical origins and directly related to the subject of landuse Planning. Knowledge cities are in need of strategic plans, development plans and future studies more than other human societies. Hence, they require multiple-dimension attention to regional Planning. This has been neglected in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to clarify what are the main considerations for the proper development of these centers, given the pillars and characteristics of knowledge cities and academic cities. Methods: This qualitative comparative study is in the category of applied research in terms of purpose. Results: The findings show that Iran academic cities just have the first characteristic among the three characteristics (academic development, social and cultural development, communicative characteristics) of knowledge cites in practice. Conclusion: The development of knowledge cities and academic cities in Iran has been the proliferation of scientific units and university centers, not the promotion and development of science norms. Even the establishment and development of these centers has not been in line with the ancient scientific tradition of Iran. Rather, the unbalanced overflow has been an unbridled social demand that has formed on its own without regard to the principles of Spatial Planning. The author offers eight suggestions for improving this situation at the end of the article.

Developing context-based Spatial Planning theories and criticizing their key components are an essential requirement in the development of people and places. Along this perspective, Structural-Functional Dynamics approach (SFD) has taken the first step toward formulating an alternative approach to Spatial Planning in relation to the Iranian context of social geography. As another step forward, this article focuses, through a critical engagement, on how two key concepts of man and space are conceptualized by SFD approach. As this paper argues, space and man are separately conceptualized in SFD approach. In fact, the concept of space has been formulated in a manner that its methodological consequences to the concept of man are explicitly neglected. As a result, SFD approach inevitably reproduces the same assumptions that it criticizes through the lens of Humanism, assumptions such as objectivism, elitist Planning, top-down approach, threshold concept of neoclassical economies, rapid urbanization, and universal principles of human behavior, which underlay positivist geography and neoclassical economies. To overcome such conceptual mismatch within SFD approach requires interactional redefinition of concepts of space and man. Yet before redefining these concepts, geographers and planners’ identity should be rearticulated with regards to past and future experiments of Spatial Planning in Iran.